Name shira chazan ID number 311546477
Maman 13
The Social Psychology of Modern Slavery Pre reading (no points) According to the sentences under the title, slavery has not disappeared from the world.
According to your knowledge is there slavery in any form in Israel today? If so, in what form?
I don't know this phenomenon but I'm curious to read about it.
Close Reading Questions based on paragraphs 1 – 6

1 .      What is the meaning of ‘hereditary debt bondage’? (You may have to infer part of your answer) hereditary debt bondage=שעבוד חובות שעובר בתורשה It could have been in the time of their grandfathers or great-grandfathers–few in the village could remember–but at some point in their past, the families had pledged themselves to unpaid labor in return for loans of money. The debt passed down through the generations. Children as young as five years old worked in quarry pits, making sand by crushing stones with hammers. Dust, flying rock chips and heavy loads had left many villagers with silicosis and injured eyes or backs.
(4 points)
2 .   Read the stories of Meera and Baldev and then compare them in the table below.                     Meera Baldev Country INDIA INDIA Source of the money to free them A GROUP OF 10 WOMENx HELP FROM A RELATIVE What are they doing now?
earning money for her work, which greatly increased the amount she could contribute to the group reenrolled in slavery Attitude towards freedom She saw that freedom was possible, and began earning money for her work, which greatly increased the amount she could contribute to the group. Not an attitude Worry, because he didn’t know what to do in case of a sick child or government needs.
-2 (8 points)
3 .  “In our present state of ignorance, we have little hope of truly eradicating slavery, of making sure that Meera, rather than Baldev, becomes the model.”  (End of paragraph 6) Why does Bales think we are in a state of ignorance?
Although historians have built up a sizable literature on antebellum American slavery, other types of slavery have barely been studied. It is as if our understanding of all arachnids were based on clues left by a single species of extinct spider. (6 points) Questions based on paragraphs 7 – 13

4 .         List
3 methods of human trafficking (מסחר לא חוקי לרוב) described by Bales:
Human trafficking–the involuntaryלא רצוני  smuggling הברחה of people between countries, often by organized crime especially in Europe and Southeast Asia. Many people, lured by economic opportunities, pay smugglers to slip them across borders.
2 . others are kidnappedחטפו  and smuggled הבריחו against their will.
3 . In certain areas, notablyבמיוחד  Brazil and West Africa, laborersפועלים,עובדים have been enticedשודלו או פיתו into signingחתימה contractsהסכמים חוזים and then taken to remoteרחוק,מרוחק  plantationsמטעים and prevented from leaving. (6 points) 5a. What are official bodiesהגופים המשרדיים doing about the phenomenon of human trafficking?
Two years ago the U.S. government established a central coordinating office to deal with human trafficking. Academic researchers are beginning to conductלנהל intensive studies. The anecdotal and journalistic approach is slowly transforming into the more rigorous inquiry of social science.
b. What has the writer, Bales, done about the problem of human trafficking?
Bales have posited a theory of global slavery and tested it through case studies in five countries.
(4 points)
6 .  In paragraph 9 the writer asks a question.
Which of the following is the best interpretationמסביר מפרש of his answer? Put a check P in one of the boxes.
   Poor, exploited workers don’t have the option of walking away.
 Because of the threat of violence enslaved שעבדworkers don’t have the option of walking away. (4 points) 7. According to the author, slavery is particularly horrifying מבעית,מפחידbecause of its  psychological effect. In what way are many slaves affected psychologically?
Even when it does not involve beating or other physical torture , it brings about a psychological degradation that often renders victims unable to function in the outside world. (4 points)
8 .  Why are social scientists trying to discover the universal features of slavery?
so that therapies developed in one place can be applied elsewhere. (4 points) 9a.  What economic change has occurred in modern slavery?
The basic point is that forced labor represents a much smaller percentage of business expenses than it used to. It took 20 years of labor for an antebellum American slave to repay his or her purchase price and maintenance costs; today it takes two years for a bonded laborer in South Asia to do the same. This fall in price has altered not only the profitabilityרווחיות of slavery but also the relationship between slave and master.
b.  What is the most important factor that has brought about this economic change?
Because the world's population has tripled  since World War II, producing a glut  of potential slaves. The next word in the text is “meanwhile”. Though it may not be part of the answer, you should never ignore this type of word if it immediately follows your chosen sentence. In this case it was important.
-2 (6 points)
1 0.  What is the connection between corruption and violence?
The key factor in the persistence of slavery is the weak rule of law in many regions. Widespread corruption of government and police allows violence to be used with impunityפטירה מעונש even when slavery is nominally illegal.
(6 points) Questions based on paragraphs 14 – 20
1 1.  The writer states that “….slaves often know their enslavement is illegal.”             (Par.14). What reasons does he give for their continued slavery?
Force, violence and psychological coercion have convinced them to accept it. When slaves begin to accept their role and identify with their master, constant physical bondage becomes unnecessary. They come to perceive their situation not as a deliberate action taken to harm them in particular but as part of the normal, if regrettable, scheme of things.
(4 points)
1 2a. What cultural norms prepare women for their roles as prostitutes?
Cultural norms have prepared these young women for control and compliance. A girl will be told how her parents will suffer if she does not cooperate and work hard, how the debt is on her shoulders and must be repaid. )Thai sex roles are clearly defined, and women are expected to be retiring, nonassertive and obedientצייתן–as the women are repeatedly reminded. The pimps also cite religion. The young women are encouraged to believe that they must have committed terrible sins in a past life to deserve their enslavement and abuse(.
(4
points)
1 2b.     Some of the women who are employed in the brothels(בית זנות) in Thailand are allowed to go home at weekends as their owners know they will return after the weekend.
How does this relate to the process of submission הכנעה,כניעותby the women?
In order to accept their role and the pimp's, they must try to diminish their view of themselves as victims who have been wronged. They must begin to see their enslavement from the point of view of the slaveholder .
(4 points)
1 2c. Why did some of the women who had been freed attempt suicide? When you disrupt this order, suddenly everything is confused. It is easy to assume that this happened because of the abuse they had lived through. But for some of these women, slavery had been the major psychological building block in their lives.  When that was destroyed, the meaning of their life was like a bit of paper crushed up and thrown away.
(2 points) Questions based on paragraphs 21 – 32
1 3. List four of the reasons for owning slaves, according to the slave owners *After all, there is nothing wrong in keeping bonded labor. They benefit from the system, and so do I. Even if agriculture is completely mechanized, I'll still keep my bonded laborers.
* they say that enslaving people is unfortunate but that their own family's welfare depends on it.-2

1 4a. Was emancipation of the slaves in the US handled well?
  Yes                                       No  Check Pthe correct box.   Explain your answer.
The result was four million people dumped into a shattered economy without resources and with few legal protections. It can be argued that America is still suffering from this liberation without rehabilitation.
b.  Is emancipation of slaves in the world being handled well in the present time?
           Yes             No   Check Pthe correct box.
Explain your answer.
  Several models of liberation and rehabilitation are currently being field-tested. The experience of these programs suggests that a combination of economic support, counseling and education can lead to stable, sustainable freedom. This kind of work is still in its early stages, though. No systematic evaluations  of these programs have been carried out. (6 points)
1 5.  Pandit’s organization in India focuses on education for          Physical freedom         Psychological freedom    CheckP one of the boxes.
He is adamant that real liberation takes place in the mind, that physical freedom isn't enough.
(2 points)
1 6.  Is the writer optimistic or pessimistic about the future?
          Optimistic      Pessimistic     Both optimistic and pessimistic              Check P one of the boxes.
             Explain your answer by referring to the text.
If there is good news, it is the growing recognition of the problem )the positive side-optimistic); The plight of enslaved child workers has drawn significantly increased funding, and new partnerships between antislavery organizations and industries that use slave-made commodities provide an innovative model for abolition. But if our figures are correct, only a small fraction of slaves are reached and freed every year. Our ignorance of their hidden world is vast. (the negative side).
 (6 points) Post Reading  (12 points)
1 7.  Go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Israel  and find the page about human trafficking in Israel.
a.         Where do most of these people come from? Low-skilled workers from China, Romania, Africa, Turkey, Thailand, the Philippines, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and India migrate voluntarily for contract labor in the construction, agriculture, and health care industries. ) Israel was also a destination country for women trafficked from Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Belarus, China, South Korea and possibly the Philippines for the purpose of sexual exploitation(.
            b.         What happens to them when they get to Israel?
Human trafficking in Israel includes the trafficking of men and women into the country for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. c.         How are these people treated in Israel?
The Government of Israel has improved its protection of trafficking victims, Israel also continues to provide victims of sex trafficking with shelter, legal aid and protection assistance.
 but the protection of victims of forced labor remained relatively weak.  The Government of Israel has made uneven progress in prosecuting and punishing trafficking offenses.
The government mandates legal aid to all trafficking victims and employs formal procedures to identify victims of sex trafficking and refer them to a shelter. The government encourages victims of sex trafficking to assist in investigations against their traffickers, but it does not actively encourage victims of forced labor to do the same.
Israel has made efforts to prevent trafficking in persons. The Immigration Police has run a radio campaign warning employers not to exploit migrant workers.  (6 points)
1 8. What do you think Israel can do to abolish the practice of slavery/trafficking?
)According to the text: What I think that Israel can do in order to prevent  the slavery or the trafficking is:Beyond that  the government need to outlaw this phenomenon of slavery, it is necessary to enable constant monitoring= להפעיל פיקוח מתמידon this issue and to punish serious and severe penalties for wrongdoers (העוברים על החוק) in order to deter(להרתיע) all the people in Israel from doing this illegal operation(פעולה).
 (6 points)….